Sun Yat-sen

Early Leaders of Modern Constitutionalism in China


Liang Qichao

The first introduction of the concept of modern democracy into China is credited to exiled Chinese writer Liang Qichao. In 1895, he participated in protests in Beijing for increased popular participation during the late Qing Dynasty, the last ruling dynasty of China. It was the first of its kind in modern Chinese history. After escaping to Japan following the government's clampdown on anti-Qing protesters, Liang Qichao translated and commented on the works of Hobbes, Rousseau, Locke, Hume, Bentham and many other western political philosophers. He published his essays in a series of journals that easily found an audience among Chinese intelligentsia hungering for an explanation of why China, once a formidable empire of its own, was now on the verge of being dismembered by foreign powers. In interpreting Western democracy through the prism of his strongly Confucian background, Liang shaped the ideas of democracy that would be used throughout the next century. Liang favored gradual reform to turn China into a democratic constitutional monarchy.   

Sun Yatsen 


Liang's great rival among progressive intellectuals was Dr. Sun Yat-sen, a republican revolutionary. Sun felt that democracy would be impossible as long as the Qing monarchy still existed. Democracy was part of his platform, the Three Principles of the People (三民主義) --- the principle of the people under 1 nation (nationalism), the principle of the people's rights (democracy), and the principle of the people's livelihood and well-being (civility, decency and respect). Like Liang, Sun agreed that democracy, or at least universal suffrage, could not happen overnight in a country with high illiteracy rates and lack of political consciousness. Sun's Three Stages of Revolution called for a period of "political tutelage" where people would be educated before elections can occur. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_China



SUN YATSEN AND FAMILY PORTRAIT

Sun Family

The couplet for the surname Sun is,

願乘風破萬里浪,---Yuan4 cheng2 feng po4 wan4 li3 lang4,
甘面壁讀十年書.---Gan mian4 bi4 du2 shi2 nian2 shu.

Daring to ride the wind and brave the waves for ten thousand miles,
I endure to lock myself up and study for ten years.

(By Sun Wen 孫文 the Founder of the Republic of China).

http://www.asiawind.com/bb/viewtopic.php?f=25&t=4218


       
Lily Suifong Sun 孫穗芳  Guest Speaker  October 14, 2014




October 14, 2014
"To mark this year's 100th anniversary of the Xinhai Revolution, 76-year-old Lily Sun has been working to preserve her grandfather's legacy. The most influential aspect of this legacy is Sun's political ideal of The Three Principles: nationalism, democracy and the people's livelihood. This focused on the idea that a country would only be successful if it was run by the people and for the people." 

Sun Sui-ying, granddaughter of Sun Yat-sen, passes away at 103

Dimsumdaily   Hong Kong     June 1, 2025


1st June 2025 – (California)    Sun Sui-ying, the granddaughter of Sun Yat-sen, sadly passed away in the United States on 24th March, 2025, at the age of 103. Her family recently held a memorial service in California to celebrate her remarkable life. Born on 16th January, 1922, in Guangzhou, Sun was the daughter of Sun Ke, who was the mayor of Guangzhou at the time, and Chen Shuqing. She received her education in various institutions across Guangzhou, Shanghai, Hong Kong, and Paris.

https://www.dimsumdaily.hk/sun-sui-ying-granddaughter-of-sun-yat-sen-passes-away-at-103/


  • "2015 Cross-Strait Thought Seminar" held in Taiwujituan


  • Dr. Sun Yat-sen (Traditional Chinese: 孫中山 or 孫逸仙; Pinyin: Sūn Zhōngshān; or "Sun Yixian") (November 12, 1866 – March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader often referred to as the "father of modern China." He played an instrumental role in the eventual collapse of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. He was the first provisional president when the Republic of China (ROC) was founded in 1912, and later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT) and served as its first leader. Sun Yat-sen was a unifying figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique among twentieth century Chinese politicians for being widely revered in both Mainland China and in the Republic of China Taiwan. 

     
    October 17, "2015 Cross-Strait Thought Seminar" was held in Hebei Taiwujituan. The seminar was organized by China Taiwan Network, Sun Yat-sen Institute, Taiwan and China Culture Promotion Association, China Association of Outstanding Young Economic Development organized Dawujituan and Chinese Culture Park Sun contractors. Coordinators of the seminar invited more than 40 experts in universities and research institutions of Zhongshan University, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Donghua University, Shandong University, Hebei University, National Taiwan Chinese Culture University, National Chung Cheng University, I-Shou University, Hong Kong, Zhuhai College, University of Macau Scholars to participate in and expand the discussion.  The People's Daily, Xinhua, China Network, People's Daily, Xinhua News Agency, China News Agency, Radio International, China Central Television, Southeast TV, Channel TV, Xiamen TV, Voice of the Straits, Ta Kung Pao, Wen Wei Po, "Taiwan Voice" magazine International online, China Daily, CCTV, China Youth Network, China Economic Net, China National Radio, China Tibet Network, Guangming Wang, China News overseas, Sina, Sohu, Netease, Phoenix, Tencent, the World Wide Web , Baidu, 360 and other media were also included  to observe the seminar.

    10月17日,“2015海峡两岸孙中山思想研讨会”在河北大午集团召开。本次研讨会由中国台湾网、中山大学孙中山研究所、台湾中华文化推广协会、中华杰出青年经贸发展促进会主办,大午集团和中华孙氏文化园承办。研讨会邀请了中山大学、中国社科院、东华大学、山东大学、河北大学、台湾中国文化大学、中正大学、义守大学、香港珠海书院、澳门大学等高校与研究机构的40多位专家学者参会并展开研讨。人民日报海外版、新华社、中新社、国际广播电台、中央电视台、东南卫视、海峡卫视、厦门卫视、海峡之声、大公报、文汇报、《台声》杂志;人民网、新华网、中国网、国际在线、中国日报网、央视网、中国青年网、中国经济网、中国广播网、中国西藏网、光明网、中国新闻网、海外网、新浪、搜狐、网易、凤凰网、腾讯、环球网、百度、360等媒体观摩了研讨会。




November 11, 2023

(Third anniversary of Sun Dawu's Arrest)


The Eastern Seaboard Rectangle

The illustration called The Eastern Seaboard Rectangle (东海岸长方形) was derived by the author from The Selden Map of the Bodleian Library, The Four Seas concept of the Han (汉朝), The Mandate of Heaven (天命) of the Zhou (周), The Polar Quadrilateral (极四边形) of John C. Didier and The Open and Closed Seas Treatises of Grotius (格劳秀斯) and Selden (约翰塞尔登).  

The major powers may wish to avoid an East-West clash of civilizations originating in the Taiwan Strait. The author has compared the situation in the Taiwan Strait to that of the Hellespont Strait about the time of the Trojan War.  Eric H. Cline (埃里克·H·克莱恩), in his book 1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed, has commented on the demise of multiple civilizations about that time. The Mycenaean and Hittite civilizations -- as part of an East-West clash -- were just two of these civilizations. There were many reasons these civilizations may have fallen including war, the invasion of the Sea Peoples, migrations, rebellion, earthquakes, pestilence and interruption of supply chains of integrated economies. It appears though that a megadrought lasting 150-300 years may have been the most important factor.

D. Carlton Rossi  (D·卡尔顿·罗西)  contends that the Mycenaeans may have blocked the Hellespont Strait during the ten year period of the Trojan War (特洛伊战争). This action would have deprived Troy -- which was a vassal state of the Hittite civilization -- of tariff revenue. If both sides of the conflict were also faced with a mega-drought then the situation would have become dire.

During the 17th century of exploration and exploitation, the European powers were concerned about whether the seas were open or closed. Two opposing viewpoints were published. Grotius favoured an open concept while Selden argued for a closed concept.

Selden may not only have interpreted The Selden Map (東西洋航海圖) which was in his estate, but actually contributed to its design. As such he may have believed the North and West Sea to be closed and the East and South Sea in the Four Seas concept to be open. One must qualify though this generalization.

He might have considered the East and South Sea to be closed within cannon shot of the mainland. Furthermore, he could have believed that the sea surrounding the Penghu Islands (澎湖) was closed within cannon shot (在炮弹射击范围内). The islands themselves were inhabited by the Chinese people since the time of the Tang Dynasty so the chain of islands would seem to belong to the mainland. Otherwise, the South Sea is open.

The poet has overlaid geometric designs on The Selden Map. A rectangle defines the four boundaries. To simplify matters, the Kun (坤) represents the North Sea 北海 (Lake Baikal) and marks the Northwest boundary while Qinghai Lake (靑海湖) is the West Sea which defines the Southwest Boundary.

The East boundary though changes with time. During the heyday of the Silk Road, it's the Peng (彭) -- Télin or modern day Tyr, Russia. As maritime trade increases the capital moves eastward to Bejing and the eastern boundary moves past Sakhalin Island (Сахалин). In other words, the West boundary is bounded by the Moon and the East boundary is bounded by the Sun.

His illustration shows the southern boundary of the rectangle. It runs from Lake Qinghai through roughly Quanzhou (泉州市) on to the northern part of Taiwan and then further on to a vertical line lining up with the Sun at the top. Of course, features on the map do not have the geographical accuracy of a modern map.

The poet has perceived embedded, symmetrical, geometric (嵌入式、对称、几何图案)  patterns in the map that no one else to date has seen or disclosed to have seen. These patterns are centered on the Compass Rose ( 罗盘玫瑰 ).  The center of the compass represents the North Star or if one wants to be more explicit -- the binary system of 11 Draconis (紫微右垣一) and 10 Draconis. The stars rotate around a common barycenter (重心).  They are located at the top of the Polar Quadrilateral. The center of the Compass is also at the top of an imagined squared circle. These are defined on the left by the Yanran Inscription (封燕然山銘) and on the right by the center of the void (空 Śūnyatā). A smaller square at the center of the larger square also contains a smaller circle which represents the capital of Beijing. This smaller circle acts as a counterpoint to the center of the compass. All of these geometric patterns overlay an image of the winged Ming Emperor who exhales breath of the four winds.

These are rather extraordinary observations that are apparently unique. The poet claims these embedded images of a private map were purposivily hidden by the jurist John Selden who was a polymath (博学者) and perhaps the most brilliant man in England. One might classify these images as heretical as they express a more nuanced view of the debate between open and closed seas in a new area to be defined in the Far East. It is conjectured that Selden was concerned about imprisonment if the full meaning of the private map were understood.

APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation) will begin on November 11, 2023. It is surmised that President Xi Jinping and President Joe Biden as representatives of the People's Republic of China and the United States respectively will meet at the conference. Undoubtedly, they will discuss the issue of Taiwan. It is therefore imperative that they fully understand The Selden Map which mysteriously disappeared and was rediscovered hundreds of years later.

If a war were to break out between these two  superpowers concerning Taiwan then it could catastrophically represent the end of civilization. An East-West clash over the Taiwan Strait (台湾海峡) would parallel its historical counterpart in the Trojan War between the Mycenaeans and Trojans. It is conjectured by the poet that the problem was compounded by a ten year blockade of the Bosphorus Strait (博斯普鲁斯海峡) with the 1000 ships of the Mycenaeans.

One may surmise that China will initially carry through its claim to reunify with Taiwan through a blockade of the island. This action will probably succeed. However, it is anticipated that the United States will counter with a blockade of Middle East oil. This will be reminiscent of its blockade of oil to Japan prior to the beginning of WWII. China is highly dependent on imports of this oil. While it has a large navy, it is not a "blue water" navy. Recently, the United States sent two carrier groups to the Middle East in response to the Hamas-Israel War.

Remember, though, that the dominant factor in the collapse of various civilizations around 1177 BCE was climate change as defined by megadrought (特大干旱). Today, it is almost impossible to predict the ravages of climate change because it is man-made and global. Drought may be followed by floods. Both of these may affect crops and lead to widespread famine. For example, the Yangzte River (扬子江) flooded and dried up affecting millions of acres of crops and water supply.

If an actual war were to break out between the United States and China over Taiwan then it could trigger a nuclear confrontation. A nuclear bomb dropped on any city would create fallout which would affect climate for several years. Temperatures would drop, ironically slowing global warming. However, clouded skies would also block sunlight needed by crops. Famine would result. Mankind would have made a catastrophic situation regarding climate change into a matter of extinction of entire species.

In conclusion, man must confront and tame the disharmony in his own self. He must also endeavour to harmonize relations with other human beings. Finally, it is necessary for human beings to live in balance with Nature in order to ensure the survival of all life on Earth. 我们必须回到花园。"We've got to get ourselves back to the garden". (CSNY)



D. Carlton Rossi
2023年11月11日




埃里克·克莱恩 (Eric H. Cline),《公元前 1177 年:文明崩溃之年》,普林斯顿大学出版社:普林斯顿和牛津,2021 年。

Eric H. Cline, 1177 BC: The Year Civilization Collapsed, Princeton University Press: Princeton and Oxford, 2021.

D. 卡尔顿·罗西 (D. Carlton Rossi),赫勒斯滂海峡和台湾海峡沿岸的海妖召唤引发的疯狂,2023 年 1 月 17 日。





孫中山 孙中山 Sun Yatsen Sun Yat-sen "Three Principles of the People" 三民主義 nationalism democracy livelihood of the people  Lily Sui-fong Sun 孫穗芳 孫穗英 孙科之女 孙穗英 孫穗瑛 孙穗瑛 2025  Taiwan 台灣 Republic of China 中華民國 Qinghai Revolution Taiwan Strait 臺灣海峽 台灣海峽 台湾海峡
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